The The Digital Inclusion and Empowerment of Halal Tourism MSMEs In Bengkulu City
Abstract
This research aims to analyze how Halal tourism MSMEs in Bengkulu City interpret digital inclusion and integrate Islamic ethics into their business practices. Using a qualitative case study approach, this research involved in-depth interviews with seven informants (five MSMEs and two key stakeholders) in the Panjang Beach tourist area. Data were thematically analyzed using an integrative framework of Digital Inclusion Theory, the Capability Approach, and Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah. The findings indicate that digital inclusion is highly diverse, creating "selective empowerment" driven by skill gaps, infrastructure deficits, and generational factors. Although technology offers economic opportunities, their realization is uneven. Crucially, Islamic ethical values function as a moral filter shaping digital behavior, emphasizing honesty, transparency, and fairness. This study concludes that genuine digital empowerment in this sector transcends mere technological adoption; it is a value-driven process requiring conversion capabilities and structural support aligned with Maqāṣid principles.
References
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Fathma, ‘Azizah, Rizki, D., & Fatimah, R. (2024). The Empowerment of Mosque-Based Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) with a Marketpreneur Approach and Maqashid Syariah. International Journal of Nusantara Islam. https://doi.org/10.15575/ijni.v12i1.32135
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Jia, S., Du, J. T., & Yan, H. (2024). Towards a comprehensive framework for digital inclusion : a comparison of international measurements. Aslib Journal of Information Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/ajim-06-2024-0494
Johri, A., Asif, M., Tarkar, P., Khan, W., Rahisha, & Wasiq, M. (2024). Digital financial inclusion in micro enterprises: understanding the determinants and impact on ease of doing business from World Bank survey. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-02856-2
Judijanto, L., Supriyanto, W., Afin, Ach., & Mayndarto, E. C. (2023). The Impact of Digital Technology Implementation on the Productivity of MSMEs in Jakarta : An Analysis of E-commerce Adoption, Business Process Automation, and Business Growth. West Science Journal Economic and Entrepreneurship. https://doi.org/10.58812/wsjee.v1i12.448
Julika, V. I., Salsabilla, L. P., & Sumarni, Y. (2024). Analisis Pengembangan Usaha Mikro Kecil Dan Menengah (UMKM) Di Kawasan Wisata Pantai Panjang Bengkulu. MESTAKA : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat. https://doi.org/10.58184/mestaka.v3i6.522
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Kibor, J. (2024). Digital Capability and Performance of Micro, Small, and Medium-Scale Enterprises: A Review. East African Journal of Business and Economics. https://doi.org/10.37284/eajbe.7.1.1810
Kurnianingrum, D., Aligarh, F., Andraeny, D., Meilani, S. E. R., Walyoto, S., Narulitasari, D., & Rahmawati, A. I. E. (2025). Driving sustainable performance : Digital transformation, technological capability, and innovation in MSMEs. BIS Economics and Business. https://doi.org/10.31603/biseb.218
Lei, J., Indiran, L., & Kohar, U. H. A. (2023). Barriers to Digital Transformation among MSME in Tourism Industry: Cases Studies from Bali. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v13-i3/16575
Masood, A., Lee, U. H. M. S., & Rahim, A. A. (2025). Halal Reimagined: Ir4.0 Tech Drives Sustainability And Inclusivity In Islamic Monetary Economics. Malaysian Journal of Syariah and Law. https://doi.org/10.33102/mjsl.vol13no1.736
Méndez-Domínguez, P., Muñoz, D. C., Díez, E. R., & De Mesa, J. C. (2023a). Digital inclusion for social inclusion. Case study on digital literacy. Frontiers in Communication. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2023.1191995
Mishra, R., & Kiran, K. B. (2024). Unveiling the dynamic capabilities’ influence on sustainable performance in MSMEs: a systematic literature review utilizing ADO-TCM analysis. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration. https://doi.org/10.1108/apjba-05-2024-0295
Mujiatun, S., Trianto, B., Cahyono, E., & Rahmayati. (2023a). The Impact of Marketing Communication and Islamic Financial Literacy on Islamic Financial Inclusion and MSMEs Performance : Evidence from Halal Tourism in Indonesia. Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15139868
Naufal, J., & Santoso, R. P. (2024). Analisis pengembangan potensi sektor pariwisata Pantai Panjang di Kota Bengkulu. Jurnal Kebijakan Ekonomi Dan Keuangan, 194–204. https://doi.org/10.20885/jkek.vol2.iss2.art11
Novita, D., Novitasari, D., & Rizqi, A. M. (2024). Halal Tourism in Indonesia: Challenges of Fairness in Policy Implementation. Soedirman Law Review. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.slr.2024.6.4.16082
Novrianda, H., & Shar, A. (2025). Marketing Dynamics of Muslim MSMEs In Bengkulu Province : Product Innovation, Competitive Advantage, and Market Orientation in Improving Marketing Performance. Al-Intaj : Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Perbankan Syariah. https://doi.org/10.29300/aij.v11i1.6188
Prasetyo, D. (2025). The Effectiveness of Digital Technology Implementation in Enhancing the Competitiveness of MSMEs in the Creative Industry of Tangerang City. SKETSA BISNIS. https://doi.org/10.35891/jsb.v12i1.6361
Qizam, I., Berakon, I., & Ali, H. (2024). The role of halal value chain, Sharia financial inclusion, and digital economy in socio-economic transformation : a study of Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia. Journal of Islamic Marketing. https://doi.org/10.1108/jima-03-2024-0108
R, H., S, S., S, F., & Risnawati, R. (2024). Analysis Of The Influence Of Digitalization On The Development Of Halal UMKM. Perspektif : Journal of Social and Library Science. https://doi.org/10.70489/perspektif.v2i2.298
Ragnedda, M., Ruiu, M. L., & Addeo, F. (2022). The self-reinforcing effect of digital and social exclusion : The inequality loop. Telematics Informatics, 72, 101852. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2022.101852
Risnawati, H., Prakoso, M. S., Jaelani, A., & Zabidi, I. (2025). MSME Sustainability, E-Commerce, Capital Management : An Analysis of Islamic Perspective in the Context of the Digital Economy. International Journal of Marketing & Human Resource Research. https://doi.org/10.47747/ijmhrr.v6i1.2604
Sari, N., Ardesta, P. S., & Hak., N. (2024). Pengembangan Wisata Halal Dengan Analisis SWOT Dalam Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Di Daerah Bengkulu. MESTAKA : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat. https://doi.org/10.58184/mestaka.v3i6.509
Sun, J., & Zhang, J. (2024). Digital Financial Inclusion and Innovation of MSMEs. Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16041404
Van Dijk, J. A. G. M. (2020). The Digital Divide. Polity Press.
Yaqub, M., & Alsabban, A. (2023). Industry-4.0-Enabled Digital Transformation : Prospects, Instruments, Challenges, and Implications for Business Strategies. Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15118553
Yin. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications : Design and Methods (6th ed). Sage.
Ahmad, A. A., & Wasito, A. (2023). Exploring Amartya Sen’s Capability Approach. Peradaban Journal of Economic and Business. https://doi.org/10.59001/pjeb.v2i2.109
Aldeen, K. N., Ratih, I. S., & Pertiwi, R. S. (2021). Cash waqf from the millennials’ perspective : a case of Indonesia. ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance.
Alfarizi, M., & Ngatindriatun, N. (2022). INDONESIAN HALAL MSME OPEN INNOVATION WITH ISLAMIC FINTECH ADOPTION. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Keuangan Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.21002/jaki.2022.11
Amartya Sen. (1999). Development as Freedom. Oxford University Press.
Annisa, A. A. (2021). Islamic Financial Literacy Cycle in the Family. Indonesian Journal of Islamic Economics Research, 3(1).
Bresciani, S., Huarng, K., Malhotra, A., & Ferraris, A. (2021). Digital transformation as a springboard for product, process and business model innovation. Journal of Business Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.02.003
Clark, D., Biggeri, M., & Frediani, A. (2019). The Capability Approach, Empowerment and Participation. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-35230-9
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design Choosing among Five Approaches (4th Edition). SAGE Publications.
Damarsiwi, E. P. M., Indriasari, N., & Anggraini, I. (2020). Halal Tourism Promotion Using E-Commerce Social Media On Tourist Visit: “Study In Bengkulu Province.” JELAJAH : Journal of Tourism and Hospitality. https://doi.org/10.33830/jelajah.v2i1.888
Dharma, B., & Yudiono, N. (2025). MSMEs Go Digital : Impact Analysis and Strategies for Sustainable Economic Development. International Journal of Business and Quality Research. https://doi.org/10.63922/ijbqr.v3i02.1786
Fathma, ‘Azizah, Rizki, D., & Fatimah, R. (2024). The Empowerment of Mosque-Based Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) with a Marketpreneur Approach and Maqashid Syariah. International Journal of Nusantara Islam. https://doi.org/10.15575/ijni.v12i1.32135
Gurstein, M. (2003). Effective use : A community informatics strategy beyond the Digital Divide. First Monday, 8(12). https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v8i12.1107
Hakim, L., Wulandari, J. P., Khadafi, M., & Yustati, H. (2023a). Development of Digital MSMEs in Facing the Era of Digitalization in the Bengkulu City Area. SEMB-J : Sharia Economic and Management Business Journal. https://doi.org/10.62159/sembj.v4i3.1130
Hariyanti, S., & Kristanti, D. (2024). Digital Transformation in MSMEs: an Overview of Challenges and Opportunities in Adopting Digital Technology. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis, Akuntansi Dan Keuangan. https://doi.org/10.55927/jambak.v3i1.8766
Hariyanto, H., Susanto, E., Aji, B., Goeltom, A., & Widyastuti, S. U. (2025). Strategic Roadmap for AI-Driven Sustainable Tourism Development in Indonesia: An Expert-Based MCDM Approach. Jurnal Kepariwisataan Indonesia: Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Kepariwisataan Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.47608/jki.v19i12025.1-14
Heeks, R. (2022). Digital inequality beyond the digital divide: conceptualizing adverse digital incorporation in the global South. Information Technology for Development, 28, 688–704. https://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2022.2068492
Hosman, L., & Comisso, M. A. P. (2020). How do we understand “meaningful use” of the internet ? Of divides, skills and socio-technical awareness. J. Inf. Commun. Ethics Soc., 18, 461–479. https://doi.org/10.1108/jices-05-2020-0055
Jailani, N., Andrean, R., Anwar, K., & Gunawan, M. A. (2024). MSMEs Market Expansion Strategy: Synergy Of Halal Certification And Digital Marketing. Tadayun: Jurnal Hukum Ekonomi Syariah. https://doi.org/10.24239/tadayun.v5i2.346
Jia, S., Du, J. T., & Yan, H. (2024). Towards a comprehensive framework for digital inclusion : a comparison of international measurements. Aslib Journal of Information Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/ajim-06-2024-0494
Johri, A., Asif, M., Tarkar, P., Khan, W., Rahisha, & Wasiq, M. (2024). Digital financial inclusion in micro enterprises: understanding the determinants and impact on ease of doing business from World Bank survey. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-02856-2
Judijanto, L., Supriyanto, W., Afin, Ach., & Mayndarto, E. C. (2023). The Impact of Digital Technology Implementation on the Productivity of MSMEs in Jakarta : An Analysis of E-commerce Adoption, Business Process Automation, and Business Growth. West Science Journal Economic and Entrepreneurship. https://doi.org/10.58812/wsjee.v1i12.448
Julika, V. I., Salsabilla, L. P., & Sumarni, Y. (2024). Analisis Pengembangan Usaha Mikro Kecil Dan Menengah (UMKM) Di Kawasan Wisata Pantai Panjang Bengkulu. MESTAKA : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat. https://doi.org/10.58184/mestaka.v3i6.522
Khan, S., Haleem, A., & Khan, M. I. (2020). Risk management in Halal supply chain: an integrated fuzzy Delphi and DEMATEL approach. Journal of Modelling in Management, 16(1), 172–214. https://doi.org/10.1108/JM2-09-2019-0228
Kibor, J. (2024). Digital Capability and Performance of Micro, Small, and Medium-Scale Enterprises: A Review. East African Journal of Business and Economics. https://doi.org/10.37284/eajbe.7.1.1810
Kurnianingrum, D., Aligarh, F., Andraeny, D., Meilani, S. E. R., Walyoto, S., Narulitasari, D., & Rahmawati, A. I. E. (2025). Driving sustainable performance : Digital transformation, technological capability, and innovation in MSMEs. BIS Economics and Business. https://doi.org/10.31603/biseb.218
Lei, J., Indiran, L., & Kohar, U. H. A. (2023). Barriers to Digital Transformation among MSME in Tourism Industry: Cases Studies from Bali. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v13-i3/16575
Masood, A., Lee, U. H. M. S., & Rahim, A. A. (2025). Halal Reimagined: Ir4.0 Tech Drives Sustainability And Inclusivity In Islamic Monetary Economics. Malaysian Journal of Syariah and Law. https://doi.org/10.33102/mjsl.vol13no1.736
Méndez-Domínguez, P., Muñoz, D. C., Díez, E. R., & De Mesa, J. C. (2023a). Digital inclusion for social inclusion. Case study on digital literacy. Frontiers in Communication. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2023.1191995
Mishra, R., & Kiran, K. B. (2024). Unveiling the dynamic capabilities’ influence on sustainable performance in MSMEs: a systematic literature review utilizing ADO-TCM analysis. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration. https://doi.org/10.1108/apjba-05-2024-0295
Mujiatun, S., Trianto, B., Cahyono, E., & Rahmayati. (2023a). The Impact of Marketing Communication and Islamic Financial Literacy on Islamic Financial Inclusion and MSMEs Performance : Evidence from Halal Tourism in Indonesia. Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15139868
Naufal, J., & Santoso, R. P. (2024). Analisis pengembangan potensi sektor pariwisata Pantai Panjang di Kota Bengkulu. Jurnal Kebijakan Ekonomi Dan Keuangan, 194–204. https://doi.org/10.20885/jkek.vol2.iss2.art11
Novita, D., Novitasari, D., & Rizqi, A. M. (2024). Halal Tourism in Indonesia: Challenges of Fairness in Policy Implementation. Soedirman Law Review. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.slr.2024.6.4.16082
Novrianda, H., & Shar, A. (2025). Marketing Dynamics of Muslim MSMEs In Bengkulu Province : Product Innovation, Competitive Advantage, and Market Orientation in Improving Marketing Performance. Al-Intaj : Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Perbankan Syariah. https://doi.org/10.29300/aij.v11i1.6188
Prasetyo, D. (2025). The Effectiveness of Digital Technology Implementation in Enhancing the Competitiveness of MSMEs in the Creative Industry of Tangerang City. SKETSA BISNIS. https://doi.org/10.35891/jsb.v12i1.6361
Qizam, I., Berakon, I., & Ali, H. (2024). The role of halal value chain, Sharia financial inclusion, and digital economy in socio-economic transformation : a study of Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia. Journal of Islamic Marketing. https://doi.org/10.1108/jima-03-2024-0108
R, H., S, S., S, F., & Risnawati, R. (2024). Analysis Of The Influence Of Digitalization On The Development Of Halal UMKM. Perspektif : Journal of Social and Library Science. https://doi.org/10.70489/perspektif.v2i2.298
Ragnedda, M., Ruiu, M. L., & Addeo, F. (2022). The self-reinforcing effect of digital and social exclusion : The inequality loop. Telematics Informatics, 72, 101852. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2022.101852
Risnawati, H., Prakoso, M. S., Jaelani, A., & Zabidi, I. (2025). MSME Sustainability, E-Commerce, Capital Management : An Analysis of Islamic Perspective in the Context of the Digital Economy. International Journal of Marketing & Human Resource Research. https://doi.org/10.47747/ijmhrr.v6i1.2604
Sari, N., Ardesta, P. S., & Hak., N. (2024). Pengembangan Wisata Halal Dengan Analisis SWOT Dalam Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Di Daerah Bengkulu. MESTAKA : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat. https://doi.org/10.58184/mestaka.v3i6.509
Sun, J., & Zhang, J. (2024). Digital Financial Inclusion and Innovation of MSMEs. Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16041404
Van Dijk, J. A. G. M. (2020). The Digital Divide. Polity Press.
Yaqub, M., & Alsabban, A. (2023). Industry-4.0-Enabled Digital Transformation : Prospects, Instruments, Challenges, and Implications for Business Strategies. Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15118553
Yin. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications : Design and Methods (6th ed). Sage.
Published
2025-12-01
How to Cite
Hasibuan, R. P. (2025). The The Digital Inclusion and Empowerment of Halal Tourism MSMEs In Bengkulu City. Annual International Conference on Islamic Economics and Business (AICIEB), 5(-), 209-220. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.18326/aicieb.v5i-.772
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