Freedom of Religion or Belief as a Public Virtue in Diversity Governance in Indonesia

Abstract

The main concept of virtue ethics is to promote character virtues, such as justice, courage, and self-control. The main framework developed in virtue ethics focuses on how character virtues can shape a good life, treat oneself and others correctly, and build a peaceful community. Thus, diversity management is the way the state regulates communities of citizens who represent certain religious identities and also the relationships between other communities. This study uses a qualitative research method with an interdisciplinary approach that integrates the concepts of ethics, sociology of religion, and critical hermeneutics. In this research method, the author constructs the idea of freedom of religion or belief as a public virtue based on virtue ethics in diversity management, specifically religion or belief. This study finds: first, freedom of religion or belief is a form of public virtue; second, virtue is a character trait that must be evident in the habitual actions of individuals and communities in the public sphere. These traits and characteristics form the basis of moral character within a community. Values such as tolerance, respect for the rights of religious freedom, and solidarity among religious communities are lived out in society or communities; third, virtuous activities are activities that are characteristic of religious or belief communities.